Nuntempa anarkiismo

Anarkiismo estas politika filozofio kiu konsideras la ŝtaton kiel nedezirebla, nenecesa, aŭ damaĝa.^[1][2] Tamen, aliaj asertas ke kvankam kontraŭ-ŝtatismo estas centra, ĝi estas netaŭga por difini anarkiismon nur sur tiu bazo.^[3] Tiele, ili asertas anstataŭe ke anarkiismo konsistas en kontraŭi la aŭtoritaton aŭ la hierarkian organizadon en la kondukto de homaj rilatoj, inklude, sed ne limigite al, la ŝtata sistemo.^{[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]} Proponantoj de tiu formo de anarkiismo defendas senŝtatajn sociojn bazitajn sur ne-hierarkiaj liberaj asocioj.^{[5][11][12][13][14]}

Ekde la lasta triono de la 20a jarcento, anarkiistoj engaĝiĝis en studentaj protestaj movadoj, pacmovadoj, okupmovadoj, kaj en la kontraŭ-tutmondiga movado, inter aliaj. Anarkiistoj partoprenis en revolucio (kiaj en la Hispana Revolucio kaj en la Maĥnovŝĉino) kaj en anarkiismaj politikaj organizoj (kiaj la IWA-AIT aŭ en la IWW) ekzistantaj ekde la 19a jarcento.

1. ↑ “Towards Anarchism”, MAN!.  (14a de Majo 2007) “Working for The Man”, The Globe and Mail. Alirita 14a de Aprilo 2008..  Anarchism. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service (2006). Arkivita el la originalo je 2006-12-14. Alirita 29a de Aŭgusto 2006. (2005) “Anarchism”, The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, p. 14. “Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable.”.  The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Mclaughlin, Paul. (2007) Anarchism and Authority. Aldershot: Ashgate, p. 59. ISBN 0-7546-6196-2. Johnston, R.. (2000) The Dictionary of Human Geography. Kembriĝo: Blackwell Publishers, p. 24. ISBN 0-631-20561-6.
2. ↑ Slevin, Carl. "Anarchism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Eld. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, 2003.
3. ↑ "Anarchists do reject the state, as we will see. But to claim that this central aspect of anarchism is definitive is to sell anarchism short."Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism de Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. pg. 28
4. ↑ "Authority is defined in terms of the right to exercise social control (as explored in the "sociology of power") and the correlative duty to obey (as explored in the "philosophy of practical reason"). Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations-by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power- and, practically, by its challenge to those "authoritative" powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation."Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism by Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. pg. 1
5. ↑ ^{5,0 5,1} IAF principles. International of Anarchist Federations. Arkivita el la originalo je 2012-01-05. Alirita 2016-08-07. “The IAF - IFA fights for : the abolition of all forms of authority whether economical, political, social, religious, cultural or sexual.”. Arkivita kopio. Arkivita el la originalo je 2012-01-05. Alirita 2016-08-07.
6. ↑ "Anarchism, then, really stands for the liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from the shackles and restraint of government. Anarchism stands for a social order based on the free grouping of individuals for the purpose of producing real social wealth; an order that will guarantee to every human being free access to the earth and full enjoyment of the necessities of life, according to individual desires, tastes, and inclinations." Emma Goldman. "What it Really Stands for Anarchy" en Anarchism and Other Essays.
7. ↑ Individuisma anarkiisto Benjamin Tucker difinis anarkiismon kiel malo al la aŭtoritato jene "They found that they must turn either to the right or to the left, — follow either the path of Authority or the path of Liberty. Marx went one way; Warren and Proudhon the other. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism ... Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. These three phases of opposition to Liberty are met in almost every sphere of thought and human activity. Good representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of Karl Marx." Benjamin Tucker. Individual Liberty.
8. ↑ Ward, Colin. Anarchism as a Theory of Organization (1966). Arkivita el la originalo je 2010-03-25. Alirita 1a de Marto 2010.
9. ↑ Anarkiisma historiisto George Woodcock informas pri la kontraŭ-aŭtoritatismo de Miĥail Bakunin kaj montras ke kontraŭstaro al kaj ŝtataj kaj ne-ŝtataj formoj de aŭtoritato jene: "All anarchists deny authority; many of them fight against it." (paĝo 9) ... Bakunin did not convert the League's central committee to his full program, but he did persuade them to accept a remarkably radical recommendation to the Berne Congress of September 1868, demanding economic equality and implicitly attacking authority in both Church and State."
10. ↑ Brown, L. Susan. (2002) “Anarchism as a Political Philosophy of Existential Individualism: Implications for Feminism”, The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism and Anarchism. Black Rose Books Ltd. Publishing, p. 106.
11. ↑ "That is why Anarchy, when it works to destroy authority in all its aspects, when it demands the abrogation of laws and the abolition of the mechanism that serves to impose them, when it refuses all hierarchical organization and preaches free agreement — at the same time strives to maintain and enlarge the precious kernel of social customs without which no human or animal society can exist." Petro Kropotkin. Anarchism: its philosophy and ideal
12. ↑ "anarchists are opposed to irrational (e.g., illegitimate) authority, in other words, hierarchy — hierarchy being the institutionalisation of authority within a society." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120615071249/http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/The_Anarchist_FAQ_Editorial_Collective__An_Anarchist_FAQ__03_17_.html#toc2 Arkivigite je 2012-06-15 per la retarkivo Wayback Machine "B.1 Why are anarchists against authority and hierarchy?" en An Anarchist FAQ]
13. ↑ "ANARCHISM, a social philosophy that rejects authoritarian government and maintains that voluntary institutions are best suited to express man's natural social tendencies." George Woodcock. "Anarchism" ĉe The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
14. ↑ "In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions." Petro Kropotkin. "Anarchism" from the Encyclopædia Britannica